2013 — 2024The manual-craft era
BUILT BY HANDone line at a time.
For over a decade, software was made the only way it could be: by people, by hand, line by line. Senior engineers designed the systems; a wide base of hands wrote the boilerplate, chased the regressions, and carried the rework.
The craft was real, and it still matters. But the commodity layer was unavoidable — and it ate most of the hours, on every project, no matter how senior the team.
- For founders
- Getting to a first version meant hiring ahead of certainty — paying for hands before you had proof.
- For established teams
- Every change moved at the speed of the queue: more scope meant more seats, more coordination, more time.